Surprise Ending Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

affect Ending - Essay Exampleto get rid of unwanted children while solving perpetual distress due to so many pregnancies and births that cannot be supported by a poor providence hardly he actually wanted reforms to be introduced. He was an Irish nationalist and patriot (Fox, 2003, p. 70) and saw the sombre state of his country.The surprise ending in Swifts proposal is that after talking at length around the benefits and virtues of cannibalism for unwanted kids, he turned around by saying how repugnant such a unravel would be. Swift effectively contradicted himself at the point where he hinted such a course is improbable because phallic kids have tough meat as their flesh are lean from continual exercise and would desire boiling for a long time while the female kids would likewise be unsuitable as they are intended to be breeders in the future that such actions would border on cruelty.The author succeeded supremely in convincing any reader with his alternative solutions as an ything short of cannibalism is indeed most pull back than engaging in such abhorrent action. He succeeded by shocking his readers and raising their awareness closely over-population by his extreme proposals, he primed the people to accept his more sensible alternatives by forcing the politicians to take cognizance of a festering problem and implement the appropriate remedies.His satire of the Irish political economy was a challenge to its politicians to find new solutions. A key to delivering his political messages was use of various figures of rescue such as metaphor, simile, innuendos and euphemisms to avoid trouble with the English authorities, as Shakespeare had done before him but quieten managed to engage his audience (Ray, 2008, p. 168) with the use of colorful and rich language. Jonathan Swift despaired at the failure of the feudalistic building of Ireland to ably support its growing population, with its poor tenants but very rich landlords. This was before the advent of capitalism during the Industrial Revolution (1750-1850)

History cold war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History cold war - Essay ExampleWhile the join States became the land of the free, where single(a) dreams of success were within the realms of possibility following the tenets of Capitalism, the Communist ideologies of the Soviet sodality were just the opposite. In galore(postnominal) ways, the Cold War was a global contest for supremacy between two diverse, and opposing kind systems, one based upon private property, semipolitical and economic laissez-faire and the other upon state property, centr all(prenominal)y controlled political system, and enforced equal opportunities for all.Once the Soviet Union emerged as the Power that had liberated most of east and Central Europe from the clutches of Adolf Hitler during the World War II, it began to insist on communist regimes in all the countries like Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Bulgaria and so on. Having learned a lesson from the case of Nazi Germany, (which was helped along by the previous non-interference of the United Sta tes in Europe) the United States became concerned over the rise of communism in various split of the mankind like France, Italy and Germany, and of course the Central and East European nations.In the United States, suspicions of communism and the Soviet Union had reached a level of mass hysteria with the campaigning of anti-communist warrior Senator Joseph R. McCarthy, a Republican from Wisconsin who went public with his claims in 1950 that on that point were many Communists in the State government.Each Power now wanted supremacy in Europe in order to protect its own interests, and began to follow a dodge of intervention. The strategy of intervention included the intention of incentives like offers of military protection, and of economic aid for growth and development. An added factor was that by this time each of the powers had rocket capabilities and sought to place these missiles in locations of military advantage. Alliances thus also became a matter of military compression and collaboration. As a result, objects of contention seemed to be whole societies and their particular orientation toward the United States or the Soviet Union. (Feste, 1992). Along with this strategy of intervention to win allies, the two powers each began to use strategies of warnrence and compellance. (Lebow, Stein, 1994)This meant an arms-build up, including nuclear arsenals, in order to threaten the other Power in such a way as to deter them from attacking, and then follow this up with a move to compel them using the threat of force. The three-pronged strategy of intervention, deterrence and compellance spread not only in Europe but also in various parts of the newly de-colonised Asia and South America.One such stand-off resulting from using the strategies of deterrence and compellance was the Cuba Missile Crisis in 1962. In 1960, the Soviet Union had managed to bring off a trade contract and alliance with Fidel Castros Cuba following a strategy of intervention, which was on ly a few miles from the United States coasts. When the United States tried to instigate a revolution against Castro in 1962 through the famous incursion into the Bay of Pigs, which failed, the Soviet Union placed nuclear missiles in Cuba as a means of protecting its ally. President Kennedy placed Cuba under quarantine, and the tense nuclear situation was mulish with the withdrawal of Soviet missiles only after the United states promised not to invade Cuba, and to withdraw its missiles from Turkey.(Gaddis 1998)Almost at the same time a situation was brewing in Vietnam, where

Responce to Intervention (RTI) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Responce to Intervention (RTI) - attempt Examplestudent progress in response to the instruction and interventions and using these measures of student progress to convention instruction and make educational decisions (Klotz and Kanter, 2007, p. 1).RTI is in line with the provisions of the Individuals with Disability didactics Act ( appraisal) which promotes equity, accountability and excellence in education for students with disabilities along with the debate on how to identify students as learning change (LD) and the need for special education of these students. According to Cortiella, of the 6 million children in special education, half of those argon identified as having a specific learning disability and the consider has grown more than ccc percent since 1976 thus policy makers have consistently expressed concern about the substantial number of students being served as LD under vagary (2006, p.5). Research suggested that the prior methods of identifying students eligibility for special education services requires students to amount behind or accumulate failure for a long period of time even though recent studies show that the more a student is delayed the more help he or she will need close the achievement gap.Before the advent of RTI, the U.S. Department of Education crafted the regulations to implement the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 now known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act which needed to succeed a process and criteria for identifying students in the category of specific learning disability (Cortiella, 2006, p. 5). Educators then used the ability-achievement division model, which requires children to take ability or IQ tests and academic achievement tests, comparison of standard scores and the experience of a severe discrepancy between the childs achievement score and ability score.The IDEA law enacted on 2004 also provides grants to states, discretionary grants for research, technology and training. Th is act also authorizes up to 15% of IDEA funds to be used

Arabic Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Arabic Culture - study Exampleooked the issue of gender and are very unenthusiastic to take in hand this fervour concern in view of the fact that they want to uphold their status quo. The Arabic wo human races social status has persistently remained low right from her residence, learning institutions and as a final render in matrimony. It all over again begins from marriage flipside to the social order. Discrimination and manly chauvinism in Arabic world may be termed as a circular progression. Incredibly, few wowork force have dared conflict back. The question is can they win? How is it possible? Where will they get the bravery?According to the Arabic culture, men are reputed to be superior to their female matching part. Males are alleged to be the favorite arouse and enjoy immeasurable freedom even in the public. Male child is ideal than feminine and in fact, a man would be disappointed if he gets a female baby. Men are encourage to marry as many wives as they can care for t o amplify their probability of having a male child. The female sex would at times receive grave resistance even from their own husbands for bursting charge female children (Samovar, Porter & McDanie 64).In some cultures, such as in Iran, marriage was more of a business done by the female father and the groom without informing the bride and at times, a man would organize for dowry devoid of the daughters consent. Feminine youngster was offered for marriage while quiet young. In addition, women are not allowed to socialize, actually, women go to separate mosques and madrasas to avoid mingling with men. Women, in some Arabic cultures are not allowed to work in the midst of their male counterparts. Moreover, wives are believed to totally give in to their men. Traditionally, men are contemplated to be working as women stay behind to nature and care for the home. Women, in some Arabic culture are deemed to be sex objects (Samovar, Porter & McDanie 64).The Arabic woman canon of dressing is predetermined by their culture. Although human being

Fashion provides one of the most ready means Essay

Fashion provides one of the most ready means - Essay eventThe paper Fashion provides one of the most ready means explores what fashion is, from several perspectives, and highlights a matter of difficulties in equating fashion with the expression of individual identity. The term fashion derives from the French verb faire which means simply to make, and it came to be used at first by the upper classes of Europe who began to mingle more freely with each other and exchange influences during the Industrial revolution. This connection with class, and with expanding European capitalism, continues into modern discourses about globalization and the assurance of Eurocentric ideas in the modern world. There is something about travel that encourages waves of imitation to cross from one ending to the next. It became obvious that different countries fashioned their everyday objects differently, and so the acceptance of a fashion which imitated that of a deep place became an indicator of wea lth and sophistication. An English aristocratic womans purpose in buying the latest pattern for dressmaking or interior design in Paris was therefore a solemnization of difference, setting the owner apart from others of her own circle, and creating an insurmountable social gap between those who could afford much(prenominal) luxuries, and those servants and workers who could perhaps glimpse such wonders but never hope to ever own them. Already, then, it is obvious that the adoption of new fashions, from whatever source, is a complex undertaking that involves economic and social factors.

Property law (land law and law of equity and trusts) Essay

Property law (land law and law of equity and trusts) - attempt ExampleSection 53 (1)(c)states as followsThe purpose behind setting out this clause was to rule out fraud in hidden transfers of equit adequate interests and in order that trustees who hold the legal interests are able to identify those equitable interests. There is a conflict that arises in terms of the disposition of the legal proprietor of the trust as set out in the written instruments vis a vis the equitable owner/s or beneficiaries of the trust, since equity starts out in the form of a measure of confidence reposed in few other which imposes a duty or aggregate accumulation of obligations that connotes some beneficial interest2. Where the disposition of a trust has been set out in writing or by deed, the Courts must give sum to it. In fact, the law of formalities has created inflexibility in some cases and there have been instances where the interests of beneficiaries have been compromised. For example, in the ca se of Re Diplock3 that concerned the disposition of a trust, the general principle that was laid down was refined by Pettitt, who states that whenever there is an initial fiduciary relationship, the beneficial owner of an equitable proprietary interest in property can trace it into the hands of anyone holding the property except a bona-fide purchaser for lever without notice4. Property held in trust for a beneficiary is generally meant to be assigned on the grounding of equity and though the process of tracing is helpful to locate beneficial interests in a trust, Petitt clarifies that this is just now possible to the extent that the fund can be followed and identified if on the facts of any individual case, much(prenominal) continued existence is not established, equity is helpless.5..(422 words)(a) Certainty of intention This is based upon the equitable saying that equity looks to intent rather than form, as set out in the case of Paul v Constance6, where the Court inferred t he presence of a trust in spite

Constitution cafe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Constitution cafe - Essay causaThe discussions are based on doubting Thomas Jefferson, a radical who held the belief that there was the need to slip away on revising the Constitution. As outlined in the book, periodic amendment of the Constitution can be regarded as essential since it keeps the constitution in line with the changing times. Phillips contends that the Constitution has become an immutable as wellhead as a sacred text, which needs some shaking up or some inspection (Phillips 1336).In the book, Phillips argues that respect of the United States Constitution forms a key phenomenon of modern political vivification in America. According to Phillips, the Constitution is the basis upon which the rights of the U.S. citizens can be understood. Across the political spectrum, it has become the last argument of politicians and the secular scripture has it as the moral gravity. The book explains the desire of the third American president, Thomas Jefferson, that Americans should rewrite the Constitution after every twenty years in order to enable them to edge their needs. The radical ideas of Jefferson are put to the test by Phillips, who asks Americans to create a new Constitution that get out serve their needs (Phillips 1336).Throughout the book, the main idea that Phillips strives to pass focuses on how the American universe could rewrite the United States Constitution. The book involves a series of discussions, which engage various groups coming together and steering on various Articles and Amendments. For example, there are teenagers who talk about the amendment of age at which people should vote, and lawyers discussing the unvarnished clause. Each of the groups involved comes up with new Articles, which have the aim of redressing problems of the existent Constitution. The author also discusses the historic interludes regarding the conflicts among the Founding Fathers this highlights the compromises as well as difficulties that were needed in 178 3 (Phillips 1336). In the book, Phillips portrays

Britney spears Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Britney spears - Essay ExampleLater, she went back to studio in the same year and released her second single which took a good position in the countdown of U.S most love pop yells with the name of Sometimes and also it was ranked first of all in other U.K nations. In the sideline year she was out again to produce her second album oops...I Did It Again which showed the spotless world and the entire music industry that the princess was in the industry to stay. The album did exemplary well being in first position in billboards and making sales of over a million albums in its first years of release and registering the highest sales ever made for a week by a female mechanic. To see to it it has made sales of more than 15 million copies and positioned number two of her top selling albums however rendering her tours to go and perform in front of her fans overseas .i.e. away from her country US.After functional hard for nonhing else but success she was out to release her third albu m with the first song I Love Rock n Roll taking the second position in MTV ascorbic acid best Latin Americans videos in 2002(IMDb, 2012). These albums made her win many awards starting with artificer of the year on the same year that she started her music career. Many more came her way in the melodic phrase of her career ranging from Worlds Music Awards Worlds best pop female artificer and many more having sold more than 60 million records. In a span of not more than one and a half decade she was announced the best selling female artist in USA. This came as a result of her knowing what was and is the best for her, when it come to selection she is keen on the studio to use and who to work with. This selection has seen her excel in bringing up beats that forever and a day work well with the vocals making every production a hit in the market. This has won her greatly because she has become one of the best and moreover one of the famous female artist who has made a great impact in the music industry. As a result of coming from

Introduction to East Asian Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to East Asian Cinema - Essay ExampleThe movie had a well structured thematic direction and mold of Chinese culture that it gained governments approval. Despite application of modern settings at heart the film, it possesses some closelipped similarities with Journey to the western, which was released in February 2013 by Chinese Huayi Brothers film company. Yoo (2012) says that with respect to the virtuous story behind Jias film, ace can develop an understanding that the director strives to create a contrast surrounded by two different cultures. In this regard, sensation can say that Jais film, The humans, portrays a theme of clash of civilization witnessed in modern globalized societies. Journey to the West resembles The World in key elements constituting its thematic structure. The movie features the struggle between Chu, and Huen in an effort to retrieve lost treasures stolen by a western insurgent group. This film employs a traditional Chinese setting in its physiological portrayal of scenery background. The films director develops a fantasy-action film creating a contrast between western extremists and traditional Chinese fighters. Ciecko (2010) says that unlike Jias film, Journey to the West incorporates significant use of imagination and classical dialog in enhancing development of an fantasy filled movie, with typical crew members representing traditional Chinese art. On the contrary, Jia adopts local actors to play defined roles in showing interactions between Western world and Chinese cultures. Therefore, there is a pronounced similarity between thematic construction of The World and that of Journey to the West. ... Journey to the West entails depiction of Chu demonstrating his martial art skills in elaborately traditional Chinese stages. In this movie, cultural designs remain conspicuous in the attire and infrastructural development of Kung-fu stages used in fights. In addition, Huen demonstrates his olympian ability to blend t ragedy and comedy into the movie. In this context, Journey to the West film contains some similarities with one of the East Asian movie watched in class. The movie, The World, captures most of its key scenes within Beijings World Park. This park lies squarely at heart Chinas mainland. Despite this fact, infrastructure development in spite of appearance the park seeks to create an environment different from that of actual Chinese environment. The main aim of the unique constructions inner(a) the park is meant to create an environment, where tourists would be able to view representation of the world inside a unity tourist attraction site. Ciecko (2010) says that the parks entrance bares structures resembling typical Roman castles and Gothic sculptures. In addition, gardens inside the left side of the main entrance depict symbolic Italian landscape in impairment of terrain and the grand staircase. Apart from these features at the entrance, the worlds perception in enhanced by hera ldic bearing of typical landmark features located in different nations around the globe. Within the movie, Journey to the West, one main actor named Xuan Zang seems to develop significant interest in the structural and physical appearances of infrastructure within the extremists warehouse facility. Commander Steward, the leader of the extremist group runs into Xuan admiring the city view from

Ethical Standards of the American Educational Research Association Essay

honest Standards of the American educational Research Association - Essay ExampleAs the paper highlights the American Educational Research Association (AREA) publishes a comprehensive set of ethical standards used to guide the work of educational detectives. This paper will examine three of the most pressing and relevant ethical issues that face educational researchers. One of the most important issues of research ethics is research honesty. According to AREAs standards, Educational researchers must not fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent authorship, evidence, data, findings, or conclusions. While this whitethorn seem an obvious transgression of research ethics, researchers may be tempted to compromise results in the face of scarce resources. Researchers may be tempted to borrow data without bountiful proper credit, or falsify data that they intuitively believe to be true, without having accomplished the research. In addition, semipolitical or social agendas may drive the researc h and results could be skewed to reflect the particular tear of view of the researcher. All of these cases place the research in question and bring harm to a endangered population of students.This paper stresses that another key component of ethical educational research is the expectation of namelessness and privacy. AREAs ethical code states, Informants and participants have a right to remain anonymous. This right should be respected when no clear understanding to the contrary has been reached. In other words, all participants have the expectation of privacy and anonymity. The subjects do not have to request that their data or test scores remain private, the ethical standards visit it. If the researcher wishes to make the information public, they must seek explicit permission from the participant. To protect the individual from harm, and the researcher from liability, the issue of informed consent must be completely resolved.

Relationship Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Relationship Marketing - Essay ExampleRelationship Marketing Relationship selling is more about making a customer relationship and encouraging consumers to have a broader get rate and more satisfaction with their products. Typically relationship marketing is pitched towards long- call growth.Since the freshspaper has non thought about relationship marketing the visitors make one buy and are never seen or heard from again. The newspaper continues to spend huge amounts of money in order to attract customers and has very bitty repeat business. Relationship marketing is all about the repeat business.Relationship marketing is a cost-efficient method that finds to retain visitors (Goldglantz, 2007). The advantage of relationship marketing is that it aids retain the successes the newspaper has already attained.For example, a huge amount of visitors privy be converted to a huge amount of degenerate visitors. These return visitors can be examined for characteristics and traits. The d isadvantage is that relationship marketing that seems inward (to current customers) does not attract new customers on a large scale.The advantage of traditional marketing is that it draws its net wide like a fisherman hoping to attain as many customers as possible. The broader the net the more fish and more markets we can dab into. The disadvantage of traditional marketing is that most arrangements (newspapers) cannot simply keep paying high advert costs to assert an expedient customer flow.Relationship and traditional marketing can be surmount applied when in conjunction. One exploits new markets and draws in first-time visitors while the other retains the customers as long as possible.The best the relationship, the best the gross revenue results of the newspapers (Hunter & Perreault, 2007). Thus newspapers should conceive developing their marketing program so that it attains sales on the front end and the back end.Here we are considering two organizations. One organization dri ll relationship approach with their customers and the other organization use traditional approach with their customers and here we are considering organization as a newspaper. First, describe the different activities of that newspaper which is using relationship approach with their customers.Relationship marketingDefinition Relationship marketing is defined as the building of long-term, loyal, committed and economic relationships with potential and living customers through communication and the provision of quality products and services.Relationship marketingis a type ofmarketingdeveloped from direct response marketing campaigns carried out in the 1970s and 1980s which emphasizes customer retention and satisfaction, rather than a dominant focussing on point-of-sale proceedings.Relationship marketing is different from other forms of marketing in that it recognizes the long term value to the business firm of keeping customers, as opposed todirector Intrusion marketing, which focuses upon accomplishment of new clients by targeting majority statistics based upon prospective client lists.DevelopmentRelationship mark

Cause and Effect of Humiliation in the Classroom Essay

Cause and assemble of Humiliation in the Classroom - Essay ExampleHumiliation is one of them.Humiliation is putting individual down and making him/her seem bad in front of people. The person being humiliated feels gangrenous and ashamed in front of everyone and feels uncomfortable facing people in front of whom he has been humiliated.The mental reason is the insecurities that one might have about oneself. Such people derive their self-esteem from stifling others self-esteem by humiliating them in front of everyone. It fits most of the habitual bullies, who humiliate anyone and everyone they can beat anything bad about. The victims are usually the people who are weak or cannot fight back.Another unequivocal cause is rivalry among students. Students find revenge in humiliating their rivals in front of everyone taking service of practically anything that they could find against the opponent.The first and the foremost effect of humiliation is absenteeism. When the victim cannot fi nd a trend to avoid humiliation at instruct, he/she tends to stay at home and not go to school altogether. If this practice extends far too much, the student may drop out of school altogether.Decreased trust and tarnished self-esteem is another consequence of humiliation. The target of this vicious act starts losing friends and feels alone in a roughshod world where everyone seems to be against him. His self esteem goes down the drain and he finds it very difficult to cerebrate in himself and stand up for himself in face of problems that might arise in conduct. He feels uniform a loser and his whole life gets affected as he cannot take decisions properly and thinks his life is ruined.Emotionally, the person is torn inside and out. He feels everyone is against him and everyone hates him. He stops trusting people and feels encaged in a trap. He feels frustrated annoyed and mentally disturbed all the time,

W6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

W6 - Essay ExampleIn addition, the do of technology has become increasingly common as a result, geographical boundaries which previously functioned as a barrier, are now being dissolved, facilitating interaction and communication among organizational employees in various nations. A globose information system functions within a global mise en scene, therefore a leadership strategy that appears reserve within an organizational context in one country might not necessarily be as relevant in a different country with a different cultural context. As a result, devising an effective leadership strategy must also take cultural, political and profound factors in different countries into account.A global information system refers to any information system that is substantial and used within a global context. Outsourcing of organizational functions is becoming increasingly common, especially within the IT context, in order to gain cost benefits. Devising an effective strategy for leadersh ip is vital, because coordinating the effective carrying out of the various subsidiaries would require an adherence to the regulatory and legal frameworks that are in place in the hyponym countries it would also require adaptation in terms of cultural elements. Devising an effective leadership strategy would therefore require a well thought out approach. This study examines leadership issues in the context of a global information system and sets out a framework for a model that whitethorn be applicable.Outsourcing has been defined as the use of external agents in order to perform organizational functions (Brooks, 2006). Where IT sourcing is concerned, this could be carried out in-house, wherein it would be internalized or outsourced to other individuals and companies across the globe, which would in turn, affect the impact of the outsourcing decisions on the workforce and their motivation. Leadership has traditionally been associated with management, but

Visual arts and film studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Visual arts and film studies - Essay ExampleOn the board, was withal an artist from Navajo nation. His name was Nataani which means son of Ogla Lakota. He is an activist and he tells stories depicting the normal hardships of 21st Centuary.Though,he is inspiring his performance art in songs is political oriented. His songs play politics because it attacks the current leaders on how they amaze managed. It has highlighted some various social injustices such inequality, corruption and unfair representation. He has also involved fiction and exaggeration in narration in the music. This is to emphasize the magnitude of how people have been forgotten in America. There was also background from the real world and also imaginary which had unappreciated and alien logic of different temporal and special conditions to emphasize his political theme. The paintings reveal power of image, words, story and symbols to pass information. The images were used as communication tools in the native Ameri can history.There was also a third estate visual artist and rapper Witko who uses his music to shade some light on the common issues that concern his people. His artwork is politicized. He uses fine and performance art in his effort to pass the information. He insists on good virtue in his music and respect for one another in the society. Witko has a stain to represent fine art, a symbol which communicates louder even than the song for the people to have peace. This is to suggest an indication of cultural memory such that various cultures and destinies and mission of the regions are represented by the symbol.

Strategic Leadership in a Changing World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic Leadership in a Changing World - Essay ExampleHenry Ford recognized the fact that the family can use the right technology to avail quality cars to the public at an affordable price. With an effective production line, Ford manufactured many cars at lower costs. The company relied on innovation to kick the bucket the most successful car-producer in the U.S (Niemann 2013, p. 2). Today, the company aims at delivering the worlds best cars, utilities, and trucks, including a menu of vehicles that are more sustainable in how they make them and how they operate (Niemann 2013, p. 4).The company depends on its employees to deliver its perpetration that includes building great products that contribute to a better world (Niemann 2013, p. 4). The company abhors sustainability by adopting strategies and goals that minimize environmental impacts, including reducing contribution to climate change (Niemann 2012, p. 5). Moreover, the company plays a role in developing and implementing so lutions to the world(a) water challenge (Niemann 2012, p. 5). The company enhances vehicle safety by giving customers peace of mind and fashioning the world safer by developing advanced safety technologies and making them available across a round-eyed range of vehicles (Niemann 2013, p. 6). As such, the company continues to gain competitive market advantage by reducing the environmental impact of our products and facilities, supporting positive social change, and ensuring economic viability for long-term growth (Niemann 2013, p. 7). Indeed, Ford Motor club manufactured the best-selling brand in America where it sold more than 2 million cars in 2012 (Niemann 2013, p. 4). Moreover, the company introduced six new choices of electrified vehicles and by March 2013, the company was the second leading seller of these vehicles in America with a 15 percent of the hybrid sales.However, it is quite notable that Ford Motor partnership faces strategic issues and options in the global market and in the motor vehicle

The Use of the Set in French New Wave Cinema Research Paper

The Use of the Set in French New Wave Cinema - Research Paper ExampleOne of these elements was the use of the set. The object of this paper is to explore the use of the set in French spick-and-span-wave cinema, particularly by focusing on the work of Jean-Luc Godard and Francois Truffaut two prominent exemplifications of filmmakers of the era. This will be examined in the context of the answer that this has on the fibre development in this genre of film. The use of unfeigned-life sets and the additional differences in perception has a significant effect on the characters of the film, who often present themselves in the same disjointed and spontaneous manner as the real life sets. The Use of Set & Theatrical Scenery in French New-Wave Cinema For a florilegium of reasons explored below, the distinctive French new-wave director would choose to produce a film set within an orbital cavity that was familiar to them, usually exploring the French middle-class youth and setting the sce nes in recognizable areas (Neupert, 2007). Perhaps the better(p) way to capture the spirit of France at the time was to use real-life locations rather than contrived sets, as had been do previously, and a number of participants in the films were real-life individuals. As the movement developed, a number of the directors (particularly Godard) began to move into the use of studio apartment sets, although sensible efforts were made to avoid replicating the very style the French new-wave had been rebelling against, often trying to replicate the fervor and sound interruptions that came with take within reality (Marie & Neupert, 2003). One if the most important aspects of French new-wave cinema is that those problematic were often limited in funding, and many of the films therefore relied on makeshift elements. Filming on the streets allowed these new French directors to avoid some of the financial constraints that had been associated with filmmaking in the past (Neupert, 2007). In the 1960 film Breath little (A action de souffle), for example, many of the elements were completely improvised. The use of improvisation meant that the theatrical scenery was not constructed or purposefully used, and no permission was gained to shoot scenes on the boulevards of Paris (Turner, 1983). This was essentially done to create a spontaneous tone of voice to the film, but may have been a result of the tight budget constraints on the film. Additionally, the film was knowing to be in reportage (documentary) style, which means that the use of contrived set would have been unnecessary (Graham & Vincendeau, 2009). The conscious decision to avoid the use of a proper theatrical set in Breathless is typical of the rejection of classical cinematic form in French new-wave (Turner, 1983). Godards Contempt (Le Mepris) is another important example of film from this movement. Released in 1963, Contempt starts Brigitte Bardot in an adaptation of the Italian novel Il disprezzo. In direc t contrast to Breathless, Contempt does not rely on already existing architecture and scene elements for the set, which much of the filming being done at the legendary Cinecitta studios in Italy (Neupert, 2007). As a result of this choice, Contempt has less of spontaneous feel, and some consider the film to be less of an example of the contrary nature of French new-wave due to the use of these prepared sets (Hayes, 2004). Contempt was additionally not designed to be shot in reportage style, and therefore the use of prepared

An Investigation of the Gender Gap of Boys Underachieving in Literacy Essay Example for Free

An Investigation of the sexuality Gap of Boys Underachieving in Literacy EssayThe calculate of this interpret was to investigate the sex activity to-do, especi tout ensembley of boys underachievement in literacy, and constitute if in that respect atomic number 18 break openicular strategies that give subatomiconss so-and-so implement in crop to raise the acquirement levels of boys. As the issue of the grammatical gender break is so wide I selected literature to review which covered a wide range of theorists and existing studies. Specifically I wanted to identify some of the suggested causes for the underachievement of boys and any already proposed effective strategies which I could execute in my own aim. The data I overhe ard from the study was some(prenominal) soft and quantitative in piece to give a more(prenominal)(prenominal) than valid outlet these include an open-ended, semi-structured interview, which I felt would enable the respondent to lead a w ider range of ideas questionnaires, observation and existing data.The results showed that at that place is in fact a close cor copulation mingled with boys who do non read for joyousness/ sleep withment and boys who underachieve. up to now it to a fault showed that there be specific strategies that can be applied to cope with the cultivation demand of boys in order to raise their achievements. only repayable to the scale of the chairic this secondary study cannot provide a definitive proceeds for the causes and solutions of boys literacy, it has merely suggested some probable reasons for and some executable remedies.HYPOTHESISDuring the past twenty years there occupy been rising concerns over the achievement gap amongst boys and girls, in fussy with boys underachieving in literacy. The aim of this investigation is to identify if interpret is the main factor for the achievements of boys in literacy, or if there atomic number 18 other strategies that can be impl emented to raise the attainment levels of boys and and thus close the gap.To complete this study, I go amodal value under tamp down the investigation at an all boys inculcate (for honourable reasons of anonymity, the school bequeath be go throughn as rail A) located in a silky-leaved suburban argona in the North West of England. schooling A is a game achieving school compared to other mixed and same sex schools in the Local Area. The rate of f unhopeful moderate of face (HoD) is driven, enterprising and grittyly touch offd towards educatees achieving the best results affirmable. During the question I expect outcomes to show that there is a correlation between high achieving boys and usance of version for frolic. I alike expect to think that particular assort dwell strategies can effectively impact the attainment levels of boys, particularly in those who do not read for pleasure. literature REVIEWIn 1993 Ofsted reported that boys do not put to death as well in English as girls (cited in Bearne, 2004), and more recently the National Assessment of Education Progress (2009) has found that egg-producing(prenominal) students consistently score higher than boys on modal(a) in both instruction and writing (Watson et al., 2010 356). However this concept is not a new one researchers for the sexual practice and Education Association noted that in the 1950s and 1960s the pass rate for the eleven plus trial runinations, taken by almost all eleven year olds at this time, were diametric for boys and girls Epstein et al. (1998 cited in Watson et al., 2010) assigns that the pass rate for boys was minusculeer than girls because girls supposedly grow earlier than boys. Gareth Malone, writing for the electrify in September 2010 stated that field of studyly boys lag behind girls in narration by 6 percentageage points and in writing by 15 percentage points (Malone, 2010). disdain this, Gorard (2001, cited in Malacova, 2007) believes that, t he panic about the gender achievement gap is exaggerated he blames the concept on lack of sufficient data, which until recently had not been available, and believes that a split up of the assumptions regarding boys underachievement is based on statistical misinterpretation.Gorard (2001, cited in Malacova, 2007) conducted the first UK analysis of national data set over a six year period of time he found that the gap entirely appeared amongst high- readiness pupils and that the number of boys and girls failing exams was similar. His conclusions found that the gender gap was, if anything, decreasing. unheeding of Gorards (2001) analysis, there are umteen who still feel that the performance gap is a concern. In 1993 the Ofsted report offered some insight into differing perspectives and explanations for boys underachievement, including the lack of male literacy role models, schoolroom strategies, curriculum literacy content, perceptions of behaviour, social class and ethnicity (cit ed in Bearne, 2004). Solsken (1995, cited in Bearne, 2004) added to this list claiming that literacy is associated more with females and femininity and believes that this possibly has a negative effect on boys and their spatial relations towards reading.Solkens (1995) argument links very closely with Watson et al.(2007) who proposed that popular explanations often focus on boys biologic make-up. They claim that evidence shows that hegemonic masculinity is central to the struggles boys face as literacy learners (Watson et al. 2010 357). Rowan et al (2002) also believes that boys are biologically contrary to girls and that this biologically difference is the cause of behavioural differences (Rowan et al. 2002, cited in Watson et al. 2010357). He believes that due(p) to these biological differences, boys and girls are defined by inherent masculinity and femininity characteristics and in order for educational success this must be acknowledged and accommodated for. This is an all outstanding(predicate) assertion to consider for this particular end study due to the domination of boys in School A it is grave to deduct how masculine characteristics are catered for in an all boys school. One of the suggestions to improve literacy for boys is to make education more boy friendly by including more reading materials that boys enjoy, such as action and vivid novels, which will motivate boys to read.Hornton (2005) believes that adolescent boys could rediscover the incantation of books by using texts that appeal to their interests. Young and Brozo (2000, cited in Brozo, 2010) deem that encouraging boys and actively helping them to find access points into literacy and reading should be made priority by instructors. During this particular study the idea and impression of actively promoting literacy through any route possible is addressed by School As English division head in the interview, and shows that it is essential for boys be aware that reading does not c oncur to be confined to specific genres and authors. Furthermore Cole Hall (2001, cited in Taylor, 2004) claim that boys read less fiction than girls, preferring to opt for texts that contain more facts and less narrative, such as magazines or texts that are analytical. too Millard (1997) claims that boys tend to opt for genres such as action and science fiction whilst reading as little as possible in school that they think they can get a government agency with. overdue to these preferences, boys are at a disadvantage in academic literacy as their motivation towards school texts and curriculum texts is affected. Probst (2003, cited in Taylor, 2004) believes that if boys are to engage with reading, the texts that they are asked to study need to be significant to them. In other address it seems that in current literacy education, there is not enough stimulating material which addresses the needs or interests of boys. Millard (1997) relates the findings of boys unvarnished lack of interest in reading as significant to low achievement in English, piece of music Holland (1998) attributes lesson style and strategies as some of the other causes for underachievement.Both of these arguments are valid for this particular study and will be investigated further by studying the reading habits and the predicted GCSE grades of boys in a high set and a low set, and by exploring particular tenet styles implemented in School A. Hollands study (1998) showed that boys can spend any amount of the day, stemming from 25 percent up to 75 percent, resistlessly listening to the teacher rather than actively engaging. When trying to reason why boys had a tendency for this she found that the boys preferred lessons which were practical, had a range of different activities (such as personal research, groups work or discussions), or involved competition.If boys are passive during English lessons they are not schooling the essential literacy skills required to help them achieve resu lts. Taking this into scene it seems then that pedagogical practice needs to be addressed. Taylor (2004) suggests that teachers contemplating their own practice could reflect on whether they are meeting the individual learning needs for each boy through learning footprint and style, and advanced strategies which build on boys existing interests to maximise their potential, development and emotional needs. Pollack (1998, cited in Taylor, 2004) agrees with this theory suggesting that numerous opportunities should be presented to boys for hands on, interactive learning.METHODOLOGYMy approach to research was identified by the nature and context of the question. After considering the purpose and desired outcomes for the investigation I decided that the research would take the form of a case study, incorporating a combination of both qualitative and quantitative data to get word validity and dependableness qualitative methods may supplement the findings by identifying gaps from the quantitative study (Bryman Bell 2007650). The decision was made to involve evidence using a multi-method approach including interviews, questionnaires and analysis of existing recorded data. According to Gillham (2000) different methods break different strengths and different weaknesses (Gillham 200213), and so triangulation to strengthen your findings (Greetham 2009184) was implemented to strengthen the validity of the study. To form part of the qualitative data I arranged an interview with the head of the English section.The purpose of the interview was to gain a deeper discretion of the context of the department and of the strategies which meet raised attainment and achievement within the subject. Jones (1985) claims that In order to understand other persons constructions of reality, we would do well to ask them and to ask them in such a way that they can tell us in their terms (rather than those imposed rigidly and a priori by ourselves) (Jones cited in Punch 2009144). Tak ing this into consideration I decided that the interview should be open-ended and semi-structured for flexibility Cohen et al. (2007) claim that semi-structured interviews rumple more intangible aspects of the schools culture, e.g. values, assumptions, beliefs, wishes, problems. (Cohen et al., 200797). A semi-structured interview then would enable me to gather more in-depth information regarding the Head of Departments ideas and beliefs surrounding School As successes.To understand boys and literacy, and whether reading habits flummox an impact on GCSE results, a questionnaire was compiled to collect primary data and distributed to a top set and a bottom set year 11 English class. According to Gillham (2002), questionnaires are not typical of case study research yet they can be utilize to obtain simple, existent information. For the purpose of this part of the study I felt that a questionnaire was a practicable way to germinate authorised facts regarding the reading habits of a group of high faculty boys and a group of low ability boys. These would then be compared to analyse and identify any correlation between reading habits and English predicted exam results using samples from the furthest range on the ability spectrum. During the research I also decided to collect assentingal data through participant observation. The aim of this was to gain an ontological perspective of the pupils enabling me to get wind interaction, relationship and actions performed by pupils. I felt that this would help me to make sense of the data equanimous in both the interview and the questionnaire.In regards to validity and obtaining accurate results from my observations, I first needed to develop a relationship with the classes I intended to observe to ensure that my presence was unobtrusive and did not affect their shape behaviours and create a bias observation. To achieve this I fixityly participated in classroom observation at the back of the room in attempt to beco me a participant in the classroom context. Trochim (2001) claims that the researcher needs to become accepted as a natural part of the culture to ensure that the observations are of the natural phenomenon (Trochim, 2001 161), therefore I attended certain classes as an observer over a serial publication of months to ensure that the pupils were comfortable with my presence and so acted within normal behaviours.The final set of data collected was secondary data compiled of the schools GCSE results since the Head of English was appointed, including results form 2008, 2009 and 2010. The data also provided average GCSE results for the rest of the Local Authority enabling me to compare the schools results against average achievements in the LA. The purpose of this data was to compare the information obtained from the interview with the head of department, about strategies implemented to raise attainment, against the GCSE results.ANALYSISThe queryThe aim of the interview with the English H ead of Department (HoD) was to discover if GCSE results had improve since being appointed Head of English at School A, and if so to discuss the strategies and provisions which had been implemented to raise the achievement levels in literacy at School A. The current HoD had taken over the English department in April 2008 the English GCSE in the Local Authority that year was 64.5 percent of students achieving A*- C School A achieved 58 percent, more than 6 percent less than the LA average and 2.1 percent less than the national average. However in 2009 the following year, after just one year as the department head, School A had better their results by 20.7 percent. The LAs average results in English in 2009 was 66.7 percent achieving A*-C, the national average was 62.7 percent, bandage School As results were up to 78.7 percent. In 2010 the GCSE results at school A dipped slightly to 76.8 percent due to the schools weaker cohort for that particular year thus far the results were stil l higher than the Local Authoritys average of 70.4 percent and the national average of 64.8 percent.Due to the weaker cohort that year the HoD considered this result to be an excellent achievement. Strategies implemented in the department were a critical factor for the meliorate attainment levels across the Key Stages at School A. In September 2009 a centralised, uniformed English curriculum was introduced to Key Stage 3 aiming to drip-feed appropriate skills and assessments to pupils that prepares them with relevant GCSE experience in the beginning they enter Key Stage 4. Pupils in Key Stage 3 are assessed each half(a) term (part of Assessing Pupils Progress) and are assessed in relatively the same way as the new Specification GCSE, ensuring the identification of weakness areas for improvement. despite the success of raised attainment across the Key Stages, these strategies cannot be considered as part of School As GCSE progression the first year group from Key Stage 3 in Sept ember 2009 are due to sit their GCSE exams in the summer of 2011, totally then will it be possible to determine if this strategy attributes to the departments achievements.There are, however, specific strategies in impersonate which can be measured against the departments raised achievement results. These are those that puddle already been applied at Key Stage 4, including a uniformed teaching curriculum incorporating, for prototype, all of the same poets and clusters in the GCSE condition personalised revision packages which identify individuals weakest areas combined with personalised intervention to improve these weaker areas and ensure pupils achieve highest marks possible ceased timetables for year 11 pupils close to exams and new timetables put in place to prioritise learning for the nearest exam. The Head of Department believes that all of these are essential contributing factors for the departments improved results. Other elements, which the Head of English believes hel p pupils at School A to maximise their achievements, are more innovational and practical activities for example the employment of production companies to perform GCSE texts such as Of Mice and Men and school trips to events such as Poetry Live, an event hosted by poets from the GCSE anthology.Pollack (1998) argues that we need to develop and implement innovative teaching approaches this may mean providing numerous opportunities for hands-on as well as interactive teaching (cited in Taylor, 2004294). The English Head felt that these opportunities expanded the boys learning and understanding by developing them alfresco of the classroom context. Bearne (2003) claims that There is a tendency for boys to draw on visual sources for their writing (Bearne, 20033) and so visual performances such as Of Mice and Men help the pupils to draw on their experiences through vision and memory. In addition to those already mentioned, the Head of Department also felt that the ethos created in the de partment combined with class room methods were an essential factor in the development and attainment of the pupils at School A. The department has a soused focus on literacy which is promoted broadly amongst all pupils, including reading groups and book clubs, as well as spell out and reading lessons delivered to pupils on a weekly basis. Pupils are encouraged to read regularly, regardless of material, to ensure affirmative enjoyment of reading.In contrast, Brozo (2002, cited in Taylor, 2004) felt that teachers were more likely to choose texts with narratives that did not appeal to boys. The HoD however regularly promoted the reading of any materials, whether it was comics, newspapers, information books or autobiographies she felt that if pupils were to enjoy reading and increase their self-reliance with literacy, they should feel that any text that they enjoy to be suitably considered. In terms of classroom strategies the department endorses well paced positive learning in an e nvironment of mutual respect between pupil and teacher clear personal targets which are monitored explicitly strong Assessment for Learning to test and extend pupils understanding and learning through challenge, feedback and routes to improve short, sharp activities a strong focus on reading regular homework and clear learning objectives which are reviewed during the plenary to ensure all pupils know the treation of learning.These techniques are consistent to that of a survey which was conducted of fourteen schools in 1997. The survey was performed by former HMI Graham Frater he concluded that the most successful schools in regards to boys and literacy were the ones that paid a lot of focus towards teaching methods. position methods that he felt where distinguished for success included prompt starts to lessons with clear learning objectives shared a challenging pace sustained throughout the lesson lesson endings which reflected on the learning objectives and achievements within t he lesson a variety of activities high expectations of the pupils combined with a non-confrontational attitude towards discipline and effective modelling. It seems quite clear then that pupils achievements at School A can be attributed to the methods and strategies implemented consistently across the department.The pupils are suitably challenged with pace and activities, they know what the aims of their lessons are and how they view as achieved these aims, they regularly assess their strengths and weaknesses and so understand what they need to do in order to raise their achievement levels. On the contrary, however, it is difficult to determine whether classroom and reading strategies are the most powerful factor for raising attainment in boys and literacy. From observation of quiet reading lessons I discovered that many of the high ability pupils in the top set classes within Key Stage 3 welcomed the lesson as a chance to read an engaging book however the lower ability groups were often more than more difficult to set on task. Indecision over which books to read, reluctance to read quietly, and regular prison-breaking amongst the pupils seemed a frequent occurrence in the low ability classes. When addressing reading, the HoD spoke about the issues regarding boys and reading, specifically in respect of boys loss of motivation of reading in their teenage years.She believed that possible causes in lack of motivation in boys and reading was due to their increased socialisation as they grew older, the introduction of more complex reading materials in preparation for GCSE, compeer pressure from others that could overshadow pupils personal preferences, and she also felt that a lot of teenage boys only read to obtain information and not for pleasure. Taking these factors in to consideration she claimed that it is important to understand the reasons why boys do not enjoy reading but it is more productive to motivate and encourage them to read. The HoD considers th e best way to encourage reluctant readers is by getting to know individual pupils and then gauge their interest levels and preferences as a starting point.Some of the suggested strategies, she felt were particularly useful, are to provide a variety of books, both fiction and non-fiction with appropriate reading levels to keep in touch with boys current interests and provide books that reflect them respect reading interests of young people and dont expect them to only enjoy books suggested by the teacher allow pupils to self-select their own books encourage an interest in short stories, graphic novels and magazines, working up to full-length books and to give academic recognition and credit for books read. These ideas meet the suggestions put aside by Hornton (2005), who stated that boys motivation should be encouraged with texts that appeal to their interests, and Young and Brozo (2000, cited in Brozo, 2010) who find it important to aid boys to seek access points into literacy and reading.The QuestionnaireThe questionnaire was distributed to a high ability top-set year 11class and a low ability bottom set year 11 class. There were 32 pupils in the high set and 13 in the low set. The aim of the questionnaire was to compare the reading habits and attitude towards reading from a range of pupils of different abilities. According to Hornton (2005) there is a correlation between individuals with low level literacy skills and those who dislike reading for pleasure, and so I predicted that an individuals attitude toward reading would correlate with their predicted GCSE grade the more pupils enjoy reading and feel that it is important, the higher I expected their grade to be. The predicted GCSE grades in the set one class ranged from A* C while the set five classes grades ranged from B G. The questionnaires revealed that in the top set group 84.38 percent of pupils enjoyed reading and 90.63 percent felt that reading was important for reasons such as expanding vocabu lary, increase knowledge and learning new things.There was a vast difference in comparison with the lower set where only 23.8 percent of pupils enjoyed reading and just 53.85 percent felt that reading was important. It appears then that there is indeed a correlation between literacy skills with enjoyment of reading, however other elements surveyed in the questionnaire aimed to establish whether boys and literacy could impart a direct link to their parents relationship with reading. The survey asked pupils if their parents enjoyed reading and if they had been encouraged to read as a child. Sadowski (2010) analysed the literacy gap between working and upper class boys, he found that the gap for more affluent boys was not as large as those from working class backgrounds and attributed this to richer boys growing up with fathers who were readers.This suggests that pupils whose parents enjoy reading and encouraged them to read from a young age would achieve higher results than those who se parents either did not enjoy reading or did not encourage them. Surprisingly the results did not reflect this to an extent that one would absorb expected. In regards to pupils parents who enjoy reading, 76.92 percent of pupils in the lower ability set agreed that their parents enjoyed to read while 81.25 percent of pupils in the high ability group confirmed the same. Of parents who encouraged their sons to read as a child, 61.54 percent from the low ability agreed and 78.31 from the higher ability group.Despite a difference between the percentages for both groups parents who read and encouraged them to read when they were younger, the gap is not a remarkable one and does not qualify a distinct correlation between pupils ability in literacy and the relationship their own parents have with reading. The questionnaires revealed that in spite of 76.92 percent of their parents having an enjoyment of reading, only 23.08 percent of pupils in that class enjoy reading, which suggests that peradventure even if a higher percentage of parents had encouraged their son to read this would not necessarily have affected their attitude towards reading for pleasure and therefore would not affect their achievements in literacy.EVALUATIONThe outcomes and findings from this case study have, to some extent, complemented a lot of the existing research addressed in the literature review. For example Holland (1998) discovered that boys tend to spend a lot of time listening passively to teachers because they prefer lessons that are practical and involve a range of activities. From my observations in the classroom and confirmation from the Head of English in the interview, the boys at School A also learned best when lessons involved a series of different activities such as discussions, group work or practical tasks such as drama-based role plays. This outcome also corresponded with Malone (2010) who, in a venture to discover why boys where underperforming in literature, stated that h e aimed to perform short, achievable tasks with the boys, he also suggested that giving explicit time frames focused the boys into completing their work. During the interview the HoD explained that by giving the boys at School A short time frames to complete specific task, it kept the pace of the lessons challenging and rigorous and therefore engaged them in learning more effectively.However the problematic outcome for this particular study is that only one school has been investigated and so it is difficult to determine whether the observations, questionnaires and interview conclusions, pertaining to strategies and the improved GCSE literacy results for School A, are a true reflection of causes and solutions of underachievement. The English GCSE results were really poor at School A in 2008, just as the current Head of Department took over, and from the interview questions and answers it would seem that the department and classroom strategies implemented since then have helped to im prove the pupils achievements. Nevertheless it is certainly impossible to verify whether these are the sole reason for improvement one particular reason is that it was never established what mode of departmental and classroom strategies were in place before the current HoD took over from the previous. some other reason is that School As GCSE results prior to 2008 were not obtained for this study and so results before this year have simply been talk based on the last available statistics. It could be assumed that the 2008 result may have been an dislocated case and so accessing results prior to 2008 would have endorsed whether or not the results had improved substantially. Gorard et al (2001, cited in Malacova, 2007) believes that the gender gap is exaggerated and to some extent it is possible from this research to argue in favour of this. everywhere the past cardinal years School A has achieved excellent GCSE results, especially in English and particularly in comparison to local and national results. School A is an all boys school and so advocates that boys in this particular context are not underachieving as are others in other contexts. This suggests that if School A can produce results above the average mark, particularly in a year when the cohort was passing weak, it should be possible for other schools to raise the achievement levels of literacy in boys just the same.However it would be possible to prove or disprove Gorards theory of the gender gap, if the strategies implemented at School A could be put into action in a school of a different context. If successful this would underpin the outcomes from this case study, it would also give rise to further research based on boys and literacy and whether these strategies could be used in a co-educational school or if they are too specific to the needs of boys learning and therefore not beneficial to girls learning. I felt that the findings made regarding boys reading habits and their attainment levels we re significant. From the sample of questionnaires taken there seemed to be a direct correlation between predicted grades A*-C and boys who enjoyed reading or felt that it was important 100 percent of the boys in the high ability group were predicted a grade A*-C (although three pupils were unaware what their predicted grade is, the school setting procedures ensured that only boys predicted A*-C would be allocated to set one). Of this a high 90.63 percent felt that reading was important and 84.38 percent enjoyed reading for pleasure. There were however exceptions to this one pupil in the higher ability group stated that he did not think reading was important because I do not read and I am predicted As at GCSE.Another boy from the high ability group, who has been predicted a C grade, also felt that reading was not important because it doesnt do anything, however this boy also claimed that he enjoyed reading and so regardless of whether he felt that it was important or not, reading is part of his literacy development. Despite the boys who did not feel that reading was important, the legal age of the boys in the class felt that reading was important this suggests that the highest achieving literacy pupils in School A were ones that enjoyed reading and so this would also be an essential contributing factor to the success of their achievements. It is difficult here to state whether the reasons for the boys enjoyment of reading is owing to the strategies for motivating reading encouraged by the HoD and so part of the questions on the questionnaire should have been more open ended to allow pupils to explain perhaps what motivates their enjoyment of reading.The lower ability results from the questionnaire were also significant for showing a correlation between literacy achievements and reading habits. Only 23.08 percent read for pleasure and only half the class felt that reading was important, this suggests that the reason for low ability achievers is possibly due to the lack of enjoyment in reading. Once again the problematic issue with these results is that the number of pupils in the low ability class was considerably less than the number of pupils in the high ability class. To gain a perhaps more informed result from the questionnaires a larger sample from low ability classes should have been obtained to match the number of pupils in the high ability class.This may or may not have produced different results, but, whatever the outcome, they certainly would have been more valid. One final evaluation to consider, in regards to the low ability group, is how effective the suggested motivation strategies have been in engaging boys in reading. With only 23.08 percent of pupils in this class finding an enjoyment in reading it would seem that the strategies have been ineffective in increasing motivation and achievement in these particular pupils. What would have been an interesting study if had been possible, would be to assess pupils attitude toward s reading and predicted grades before the HoD had taken over and implemented strategies, and then to compare them to the results that have been found during in this study.CONCLUSIONReturning to the hypothesis, my aim was to find out if reading for pleasure impacted on boys attainment levels whether the achievement of boys who did not enjoy reading was affected. I also wanted to identify successful teaching strategies and whether these would raise the levels of those boys who again did not enjoy reading. The study has shown that there is a correlation between boys reading habits and their achievement levels it has also identified some strategies that can be used to raise their attainment levels. However from this study alone it is difficult to say if those strategies implemented in an all boys classroom would be every bit effective in a mixed sex classroom. Due to this it would be interesting to expand the research on a larger scale to investigate the impact of those strategies, whic h are effective for boys learning, on a) girls learning in a mixed classroom and b) boys learning in a mixed classroom.The gender gap issue is such a broad topic that research can be extended to a greater degree of investigation. For example I have covered some possible causes of boys underachievement in this study however on a wider scale other possible causes could be explored such as masculinity and identity, class or ethnicity. I feel that the most important route to take continuing from this particular investigation would be a focus on masculinity stereotypes in the single sex classroom and the mixed classroom. Holland (1998) states that Boys do appear to be locked inside a stereotype which appears to make them succumb to peer pressure and which inevitably impacts on their attitude to work (Holland, 1998 177). Therefore researching ways that can reduce or even prevent these macho stereotypes in the classroom would be an important factor for understanding boys and underachieveme nt.Despite that there is no definitive outcome from this study I feel that it is something that I will take forward into my professional development whether it is through consideration of differentiation in boys learning style in a mixed classroom, or through a focus of raising attainment levels in my classes. Whichever way I incorporate consideration of gender into my teaching, it is certainly something that needs to be addressed. Gorard (2001) believes that concern over the gender gap is exaggerated however it is clear through GCSE tables that boys tend to achieve lower than girls. In relation to this then, it is important for both newly qualified teachers and established teachers to consistently strive to meet the learning needs of their pupils. It seems the most important way is by adapting their style and approach to learning styles to ensure that both girls and boys have equal opportunities to work and achieve their highest potential.BIBLIOGRAPHYBOOKSBleach, K. (1998). Raising Boys Achievement in Schools. Staffordshire Trentham Books Ltd. Brozo, W. G. (2002). To Be A Boy, To Be A Reader Engaging Teen and Preteen Boys In Active Literacy. US International Reading Association. Bryman, A. and Bell, E. (2007) argument Research Methods 2nd Ed. Oxford University Press Cohen, L. , Manion, L. Morrison, K (2007). Research Methods In Education. London and New York Routledge. Cox, T. (2000). Combating Educational injustice Meeting the Needs of Vulnerable Children. London and New York Falmer Press. Frances, B. (2000). Boys, Girls and Achievement Addressing the Classroom Issues. London and New York Routledge. Frater, G. (1997). meliorate Boys Literacy. London The Basic Skills Agency. Gillham, B. (2000). Case meditate Research Methods. London and New York Continuum. Greetham, B. (2009) How to Write Your Undergraduate Dissertation. Palgrave Macmillan. Mason, J. (1996). soft Researching. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi Sage. Millard, E. (1997). Differently Literat e. London, capital letter DC The Falmer press. Punch, K. F. (2009). Introduction to Research Methods in Education. Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington DC Sage. Rae, T., Pederson, L. (2007). Developing Emotional Literacy With Teenage Boys. London, California and New Delhi Paul Chapman Publishing. Trochim, W. M. (2001). The ResearchMothods Knowledge Base. Cincinnati, OH nuclear Dog Publishing. Weeks, A. (1999). The Underachievement of Boys. Northants First and Best Education.JOURNALSHolland, V. (1998). Underachieving Boys Problems and Solutions. Support for Learning , 13(04), pp.174-178. Hornton, R. (2005). Boys Are People Too Boys and Reading, Truth and Misconceptions. instructor Librarian ,.33(2), pp 30-32. Malacova, E. (2004). Effects of Single-sex Education on Progress in GCSE. Cambridge Assessments UK , 33, pp233-259. Mills M. Keddie, A. (2007). Teaching Boys and Gender umpire. International daybook of Inclusive Education ,11 (03), pp.335-354. Myhill, D. ( 2002). Bad Boys and Good Girls? Patterns of Interaction and Response in solely School Teaching. British Education Research Journal , 28 (03), pp.339-352. Reichert, M. Hawley, R.(2010). Reaching Boys An International Study of Effective Teaching Practices. Phi Delta Kappan ,91 (04), pp35-40. Sadowski, M. (2010, August). Putting The Boy Crisis in Context. Education Digest , pp 4-6. Taylor, D. L. (2004, December). Not vindicatory Boring Stories Reconsidering the Gender Gap for Boys. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy , pp290-298. Watson, A., Kehler, M. Martino, W. (2010, February). The Problem of Boys Literacy Underachievement Raising Some Questions. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 53(5) , pp356-361.WEBSITESBearne, E. (2004, September). Raising Boys Achievement in Literacy. Retrieved March 2011, from RBA www-rba.educ.com.ac.uk/PaperEB.Paf Boys Underachievement. (2005, November). Retrieved December 2010, from Teaching Expertise www.teachingexpertise.com/articles/boys- underachievements-101 Gender and Achievement. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2010, from National Strategies http//nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/46121?uc%20=%20force_uj Malone, G. (2010, September 2nd). Extraordinary School For Boys helping boys love literacy. Retrieved April 11th, 2011, from Telegraph www.telegraph.co.uk/education/7976044/Extraordinary-School-for-Boys-helping-boys-love-literacy.html Mendick, H. (n.d.). Retrieved April 12, 2011, from Gender and Education

A Comparison of Competencies between Associate and Bachelor Degreed Nursing Graduates Essay Example for Free

A Comparison of Competencies between Associate and Bachelor Degreed Nursing Graduates canvasNursing is complex, and within the profession in that respect are many spectrums of career possibilities. Nursing is based on a foundation of caring and what draws many to the profession is a commitment of service. The knowledge and education seek to prepare nurses however differs between the two entry level paths of accord degreed nurses and bachelors degree degree nurses and and then forms a difference in the way they perform their pro normal.Associate Degreed NursesAssociate degree treat curriculums were developed in the early 1950s as a response to postwar shortages (Creasia, Friberg. 2011) they were intended to be two years in duration and designed to prepare the graduate for bedside care in the standby setting. These program quickly became successful and programs spread across the United States at a record pace. The associate degree program were found to be clinically sou nd and offered heavily hands on approach, they traditionally graduate nurses that are task oriented and perform well. Associate graduates are tested via the NCLEX after program completion to obtain licensure. The associate degreed path remains the major point of entry into the profession today.The educational prerequisite of the associate degree nursing program are not as robust in sciences often eliminating the need for organic chemistry and advanced mathematics. The associate degree nursing path similarly is remedial as compared to the BSN in the liberal arts, often leaving the graduate with subpar communication skills when compared to the BSN counterpart. baccalaureate Degreed NursesBaccalaureate degree programs are traditionally structured as four year programs with the nursing clinical instruction at the latter two years. Programs differ from Associate programs in that there are courses required which commission on the professional development of the student, and thus the gr owth of the profession. Baccalaureate programs prepare the graduate for scopes beyond bedside care. leaders and research roles favor the bachelors prepared graduate. The advanced professional focus allows the graduate to view the practice beyond the task orientation of the associate degreed nurse.A comparison study (Ginger, N. Davidhizar, R., 1990) found that baccalaureate nurses were more interested with research methodology, teaching of the individual and the group, and community assessments. The study concluded that the baccalaureate nurse was more sour driven than the task oriented associate degreed nurses. Healthcare today is composed of a multiple disciplinal team of practitioners with varied levels of education, preparing nurses at the minimum of the baccalaureate level has been a push of many professional organizations.Recent research (Aiken, 2008) has confirmed a strong link in the educational level of nurses and return in patient mortality. The study found when the ins titution increased the percentage of baccalaureate prepared nurses by 10% that the corresponding mortality decreased by 4%. Practical ComparisonOne of the situational comparisons that I feel would demonstrate the practice focus differences of the two educational preparations is in dealing with imminent shoemakers last and dying. Throughout the career of any healthcare provider we will be faced with this challenge, and while there are many task associated with the algorithm of advanced life support or complexity of the hospice patient, there are multiple psych social aspects to consider.The baccalaureate nurses educational preparation allows her to focus on the causes of the underlying pathophysiology, attend the chemistry of the multiple medications involved and problem solve for alternative treatments is initially unsuccessful. The baccalaureate nurse is adequate to(p) to communicate effectively with the healthcare team and reassuringly guide the family thru this difficult proce ss. In my years of practice I feel that clinical experience and confidence can elevate the associate degreed nurse to a comparable level in this situation as well but I have seen that the baccalaureate graduate achieves this standard well before the counterpart.Patient presentation has become more complex and the set off of treatments available seems almost endless. Our patients and their families deserve thebest outcomes from the best prepared team.

History and Principles of Education Essay Example for Free

History and Principles of Education EssayThe principles which should control teachingal methods ar to be want in human nature. During a considerable period of early man conduct, life is helpless and ignorant and without strength and knowledge incumbent it is difficult to maintain an independent existence (Painter, 1904). therefrom it is in this fact that renders education a necessity. Function of Education The function of education is to give the processes of natural and mental growth which assist and direct a person during the formative periods of childhood and youth. The end of education is ended human tuition which is attained by leading the several parts of mans nature to a harmonious realization of their highest possibilities (Davidson, 1990). Aim of Education Education aims at developing a noble type of manhood and man has various duties to perform in the world which need finicky training and a wide range of knowledge. Education also aims to develop its subjects fo r their place in the establish order of things. Its object is to impress upon each generation traditional ideas and customs and hence prepare it to translate its place, in the established order of society. Elements of EducationThe two elements of education which are inseparable are ripening and acquisition of knowledge. Without development the individual lacks strength to grapple with the problem of life and without knowledge the person body a cipher in society. (Painter, 1904) History of Education For the purpose of education villages in the ancient times had their schools, districts their academics, departments their colleges and principalities their universities. The wealthy in China made education respectable and popular as it opened the besides road to political ambition as all officers of government had to study and pass exami state of matters.The ancient perfect nations, Greece and Rome are earliest representatives of European civilization as they contributed to Chris tianity and modern science and invention. Modern nation achievement and importance now demand recognition. Science has developed and made contribution to modern betterment and commerce and invention has largely broken down narrow national prejudice. The biography of education has go away people with complete records of thoughts and achievements which have been incorporated in education. In education they mark an obvious acclivity upon the defective systems of the orient (Anthony Benson, 2003).In Greece, in the history of education two cities, that is, Sparta and Athens used records to complete a system of education which was developed. During this heroic age of Troy education possessed a integrity character which was patriarchial. The fathers trained the sons to physical strength and the mother trained the daughter on household duties and interior(prenominal) virtues. Greece had a supply of luxuries for the market place and along with their wares merchants also stick outd ab undance of stories about customs and local traditions which formed part of education.Cultural patterns from distant lands were accepted and assimilated into their own as classic civilization sought to assimilate the best from foreign lands and accepted views of people even if they were differing. The Greek knew literature, art, poetry, drama, music, rhetoric which was included in education (Anthony Benson, 2003). Education from the Reformation to the Present Time The reformation of the 16th century is the greatest event of education in modern history. It opened the literacy content of Greece and Rome which provided a new culture of education.The dearly-won method of copying books by hand join ond the sources of knowledge and brought it within reach to a cover of people who are readers. The Roman education was dominated by the family in the 753-272 B. C. and the father held the role of authoritative authority. The family was the unit of the roman constitution, the custodian of ancestral tradition and the focal point of religious and educational activities. Cicero, angiotensin converting enzyme of the men in Rome, held Greek literary and philosophical education which he thought was useful and necessary in the basic educational curriculum of every roman citizen for them to be a contributing extremity of society.This way many roman citizen understood both classic Greek and Latin as well as Christian education hence it was a fine blend of both education systems ( Rowman Littlefield, 1976) Christian education led to increase in schools like county schools, town schools, Latin schools and university in protestant countries due to religion. The relation of Christianity to education came about when education of paganism was thought imperfect as it was controlled by the prostitute principles and did not look at the worth of individual in all its fullness.Christian education is indebted(predicate) to the Old Testament people which provided on how to live in a rightful way (Graves, 1915). later Jews returned from exile they established schools for the education of their children. In the early Sumerian civilization the Sumers achievement were the development of the system of writing and the formal system of education. The subjects of instructors were originally catechism and singing but reading, writing and arithmetics were added later. The 18th century witnessed a new movement which was characterised by human education which based its educational principles on nature only.Here education was important as in the mind of the enlightened philosophers it disposed(p) people to live according to the principles of nature which used scientific methods. Education in 19th atomic number 6 The field of knowledge had widened and was within reach by 19th century. Pestalozzi is an educational reformer since the reformation who did oft to popularise education by devoting his life in the educational world. He was distinguished for acquire and became the moderate through with(predicate) which all that was best educational theory obtained permanent recognition.Principles of Education The principles of education intend to provide a foundation on how to develop and teach courses which should have long impacts on individual lives, as teaching and breeding is the reason of a learning institution. These principles will guide the learning institution into the future. The learning institution should maintain a learning environment that values the process of learning as ofttimes as the knowledge taught. This environment should encourage independent thinking and divergent activities which inspires students and elevate them.The learners should be exalt to develop independent, interdependent life long learning strategies, nurture their aspirations, imagination and confidence and possess self determination with a realistic assessment of ones attitude and inclinations. Education should promote effective expression in many forms for maki ng public meaning and personal skills for individuals to be able to communicate with others effectively. Education should increase knowledge and thinking of an individual to be able to think critically and conduct discipline enquiry in order to understand complexity and simplicity of ideas and to prioritise and make decisions.Reform and education novelty most be addressed in the context of universal principles of human nature as the finishing of education is success. Curriculum of education should be vigorous with standards alighted and necessary resources, professional teachers and maintain the assessment and righteousness system to be effective. Opinion Education is a vital part in human development and it is important in our day lives. The principles of education have to be followed for there to be effective learning. The learning institutions should hire staffs that have the relevant skills for knowledge to be administered fully.Education has evolved through many centuries th rough the Roman, Greek and Christianity ages. An individual who has educations should be able to solve problems because that person has analytical skills and problem solving skills which are acquired through education. Education is still evolving as new ways of learning are being discovered and the asylum of technology has made it easy for people to learn through programs which facilitate e-learning hence education is a continuous process.ReferenceChristian Education Principles for The Twenty-First Century, Kregel Publication, ISBN 0825420237. Frank Pierrepont Graves, (1915) A Students history of Education, Macmillan Co. Francosco Cordasco, (1976) A Brief History of Education A handbook of Information on Greek, Roman, Medieral, Renaissance, Rowman and Littlefield, ISBN 0822600676. Franklin Verzelius Newton Painter, (1904) A History of Education, D. Appleton and company. Michael J. Anthony and Warren S. Benson, (200) Exploring the history and Philosophy of Thomas Davidson, (1900) A History of Education, Constable.

Recruitment and Selection Strategies Essay Example for Free

enlisting and Selection Strategies EssayAn organization can treat Recruitment and Selection strategies by using a simple technique based on the knowledge and skills of an applicator. It is absolute that an Organization be competent to recruit the most experience, skilled and suitable candidates. Having a recruitment process is critical for new Organizations. The first step consists of managing applicants and welcoming electric effectiveness participants (Cascio, 2013). To entice and recruit highly conditioned and experienced employees, Landslide limo must wisely discontinue a strong recruitment outline and plan.Organizational GoalsWhile looking at every past communication, the client communicated that Landslide Limousine would occupy 25 employees, with a projected tax income of $50,000 in the first year, and an expected yearly revenue emergence of 5%. They also expect an annual turnover of 10%, while maintaining an expected yearly revenue growth of 5%. This can seem overwhelming while keeping track of it all. By future(a) the recruitment and selection strategy plan, you must use it to employ the most skilled and suitable candidates. This go out help the organization in accomplishing its Organizational Goals and offering superior service to its clients is priority. This in turn, bequeath lead value to the Organization.Demographic ChangesIn todays world, m either changes ar occurring in demographics due to globalization. Its imperative that there be focus on a much diverseworkplace. Being able to manage a diverse workplace can vex its challenges. By having a diverse workplace, it benefits the Organization by offering opportunities to influence and obtain its potential employees. Using proper recruiting and selection strategies, Landslide Limousine Services ar able to compete with other competitors by providing customers with superior service. It is highly recommended that the company guess to hire theut most skilled and knowledgeab le candidates. Having a proper recruitment and selection strategy on with a rewarding reward and compensation plan. With all of these in place, Landslide Limousines Services can succeed the challenges given at hand and those challenges involved in managing workplace diversity.Organizational BrandingAs a small business owner, it is important to first create awareness, by advising current employees to spread the news more or less the company friends and family. Employees can also use the employee referral system to help the company in seeking experienced and qualified applicants. This will help the company in generating employment satisfaction and a culture in which employees feel valued and trusted. The company can also accomplish two highly important objectives by caring for the current employees concerns and desire for promotion. These objectives consist of forming a high-quality learning environment and choosing individuals for current spread in various divisions within the o rganization (Cascio, 2013).The most important stage of developing a sure-fire limousine service consists of managing the selection of drivers and hiring chauffeurs. These positions represent the face of the company. Customer service is very key and full of life in these positions, as they type of service the customer receives will determine their continued business and higher status with the company. With this, it is important for the management teams to focus on the selecting, hiring, and retaining the organizations valued resources. It is also important that the organization abide by the organizations local and state legalitys and regulations. Not following the companys proper employment practices can sustain harm to the organization as well as the client.When selecting a chauffeur, management must create job ethics and standards.It is important these standards are followed by each applicant applying for the chauffeur position. The next step is to develop a job description. Developing a job description will ensure that each applicant is aware of the jobs responsibilities and expectations associated with the position. Properly developing strong job responsibilities will also wait on in disciplining chauffeurs who are not performing efficiently. Upon offering the chauffeur position it is important to give each applicant a copy or the job description. The next step in recruitment is to prepare a job application form. This will ensure that the correct information is provided to the applicants in regard to the working in the limousine business. The final step in the recruitment process is developing a limousine driver education and employee placement package. The training and placement package will assist in helping management and employee to coin forward after the hiring process is complete.Methods for ScreeningOnce an applicant has submitted their application and each application has been cautiously reviewed, a formal interview should follow for all qu alified candidates. When conducting a formal interview, they will assist the hiring manager by giving them an overview of the client. From how they are dressed, to how well they speak and act, to include all other consistency language. According to Cascio (2013), when conducting the proper interview it is important to follow the following steps. It is important for Management to have a comprehensive list of questions to ask applicants. Prepare for the interview and select a designated time in a quiet location. Pay close attention to the applicant and listen to their answers with an open mind.It is crucial to avoid all unnecessary interruptions and answering the phone when conducting a formal interview. Remember to avoid devising promises to prospective applicants. If a promise has been made, it is imperative that it be done to avoid misrepresenting or misleading an applicant. It is critical that during this interview, management mensurate appearance, knowledge, communication skil ls, education and character for determination.Methods for Recruiting CandidatesIt is important to consider any laws that may be used for recruitment andselection. Acknowledging and abiding by these laws passed to protect the rights of people in the workplace, are very important when trying to roleplay a successful business. Being able to adapt to a changing society is crucial to have continued success and growth in an Organization. Some of the laws that Management must be aware of are The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967- protects employees from discrimination on the basis of age. Both occult and public employers need to adhere to the provisions of the law which calls for eliminating discrimination of employees above the age of forty (EEOC, 2014).The cultured Rights Act of 1964, prohibits discrimination based on religion, color, sex or origin. This is law is particularly applicable to workplaces employing more than 15 people (EEOC, 2014). The Civil Rights Act of 1964 , prohibits discrimination based on religion, color, sex or origin. This is law is particularly applicable to workplaces employing more than 15 people (EEOC, 2014). The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1975 which prohibits refusal to employ large(predicate) female employees (EEOC, 2014).Selecting CandidatesAfter the interview process, potential candidates move on the next step of the process which consists of forming an abridgment of all applicants or potential candidates, to include all information gathered from the formal interview. Each potential applicant must be screened for the important requirements that Landslide Limousine Services will be needing candidates that have superior driving skills, review a copy of their motor vehicle records if applicable, and a background check. These requirements will help in assisting Landslide Limousine Services in providing adequate information for each potential applicant and help in selecting the right employee for the position.Conclusi onSelecting the correct candidate is an important process for any business. Although some applicants have excellent work history, it is imperative that management recruit the most qualified. Candidates who not single have the experience, but will maintain great communication, customer service with clients and can help declare the goals of the Organization a reality. Hiring the right employees in a business can have a capacious impact on the business. It can either be very good or very bad. So, making sure to hire the rightemployees will dictate the type of service your Company will be giving. It might seem simple to train an employee for their position, however, it is impossible to train an employee on morale, attitude and motivation. (Cascio, 2013).ReferencesCascio, W. F. (2013). Managing Human Resources Productivity, graphic symbol of Work Life, Profits (9th ed.) Boston, MA McGraw-Hill/IrwinEEOC (2014). Discrimination by Type, retrieved fromhttp//www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/index. cfm

Halleys Comet arrives Essay Example for Free

Halleys Comet arrives EssayThe poem begins with Good evening, dinky visitor, in this first take out devil things are brought to our attention. First, Good evening is a very formal greeting, it implies a great deal of honor and shows us the poets opinion of the comet as a thing that should be revered and appreciated. Second, the words little visitor present a slightly different opinion of the comet, one of smallness and in implication, in fact, its almost diminishing, just still retaining the same fondness we found in the first half of the line. These contrasting ideas of importance and insignificance are maintained throughout the remainder of the poem. Still very near the beginning of the poem another fundamental line can be found But whod have thought youd be so shy, the significance of this line lies musical compositionly in the beginning But whod have thought this establishes the idea that the shyness is unexpected, the population was expecting a fantastic display n evertheless have yet to shoot the breeze it. Also with the introduction of contract words whod and yould which are the beginning of a far less formal and more relaxed style of writing.The easiness is associated with the theme of insignificance, almost as if the comet, being nothing more than, a dirty undense snowball is not deserving of such respect. Also, the subject of shyness, in like manner an important theme, is first brought to light in this line. Furthermore, here it becomes marked that the poem is divided into a few distinguishable parts the first of which is Abrahams physical description of the comet in the sky.Continuing from the theme of modesty and the comets description is a statement of the solid grounds presumption of the comets behaviour that it would streak through, radiate that kn profess double tail, / autographing the prophetic sky. These actions are not dissimilar to the behaviour you would expect from a celebrity, because to the battalion of the world t he comet is a celebrity, it has been on the news, theyve heard of its awesome mysteries and, above all, they have been expecting its picture for years.However, this is not what they genuinely discover. Instead, they find it has make an elusive Garbo act the use of Garbo is strikingly apt as she was an incredibly famous and beautiful actress who was widely known and held in great regard by most of the world at the time, but she also shunned the spotlight and the attention she gained from her career, she rarely made public appearances and therefore developed a great air of mystery, rather like Halleys Comet.Equally, the use of prophetic is pithful as the notion of prophecy becomes very important it the latter parts of the poem. The second section of the poem deals with the effect of mod acquirement on the comet. It returns to notion of shyness, and, more specifically, the reason for it.The reason being that people know too much, that modern technology and science have stripped the comet of its ancient awesome mysteries and revealed that it is, in fact, nothing more than a dirty undense snowball () that except shines because the sun / lends it a bit of common light during this phrase Halleys Comet is no-longer personified, it is no-longer without delay addressed as you but, instead, is referred to as it, this implies that that the poet is paraphrasing somebody elses opinion of the comet and, while these facts are true, they do not, in Abrahams opinion, desert from the importance he gives the comet in the opening line, he feels that these revelations combined with the comets new subtlety, as it hides among our city lights, only serve to make it more moving.This transition between the worlds opinion of the comet and Abrahams opinion of the comet is marked by the line I like it, in a way. What is also significant about this line is that it marks a definitive change in the style of writing Abrahams is now using very informal style which not only serves to re-engage the reader but also allows for a clear division between his own point of view and the rest of the worlds.Essentially, Abrahams is saying that the comet has lost its majesty due to our technological advancements, such as the city lights which make the comet seem inconspicuous. However, this leaves the reader curious as Abrahams has not explained why this makes the comet important. During the next part of the poem Abrahams discusses how he believes the comets journey to be one that requires a heroic effort, how it is only barely fashioning its orbit by the skin of its momentum. We should applaud like mad he writes that you make it again on time. This sentence reiterates that the comet is barely managing to arrive at Earth, and as the poet believes we should be applauding the comet for this achievement shows that, in his opinion, the fact that the comet returns is fabulous when the vast distances it crosses on its long, lonely orbit are taken into account. Youve shed the sc ary Nostradamus mask says Abrahams, meaning that through our scientific discoveries the comet is no-longer a symbol of anything as it utilize to be, can no-longer move the likes of the old sassy Men, King Harold and Mark Twain as we do not believe it to be prophetic anymore.Instead, he likens the comet to some private rare Aunt Maud, the generic distant relative that nobody really knows but will occaisionally drop by merely to show herself and check our face. The casual dropping by in this sentence continues the theme of insignificance surrounding the comet, that its visits are no more important than those of a friend we see every day. This idea is re-enforced in the line No more fortune-teller, loved Aunt, though the word dearest shows that this guise of the comet is far more friendly than scary Nostradamus.However the use of the word private is also noteworthy, it demonstrates that while the comet is not important to the world at large it is still important on a personal level, this is the clear message of the poem, because as Aunt Maud arrives she gives she gives us her gift, allowing that we achieve a stroke of prophecy. importee that the comet is prophetic of itself returning and it is one of the few things that we can predict.Continuing with this idea he closes the poem by saying We thank you, little comforter / that the dark potent emptiness ahead / contains one seeming smear of light firstly, in this sentence Abrahams returns to the use of we showing that he speaks for the entire globe as he says this giving a lot of weight to the next lines of the poem. Secondly, use of little comforter mirrors the little visitor at the beginning of the poem, drawing more attention to these lines but also mirroring the feeling on fondness that we saw at the beginning of the poem.The comet is not seen as a foreteller of great events as it used to be. It has shed its scary Nostradamus mask and is not prophetic of human events anymore, but it is prophetic of its own return and in doing so fulfils its own prophecy, an this is the important message of the poem that despite all we have done to damage the comets image, it is, perhaps, more important than ever as because of our advances in technology we cannot possibly conceive what the world will be like the next time Halleys Comet arrives, but the one thing we can be sure of is that it will.