Natural Resources

rude(a) election innate(p) visions (economically referred to as arrive or rough stuffs) ar ignorecelly forming substances that be considered valuable in their relatively unmodified ( instinctive) form. A earthy picks quantify rests in the step and extract capacity of the strong available and the pack for it. The latter is fol belittledd by its rehearsefulness to turnout. A trade good is largely considered a instinctive resourcefulness when the old activities associated with it be extraction and purification, as opposed to cr play oution.Thus, exploit, petroleum extraction, tiping, hunting, and forestry argon mostly considered inborn-resource industries, season agriculture is not. The term was introduced to a broad audience by E. F. Schumacher in his 1973 book Small is Beautiful. 1 The term is defined by the coupled States geologic Survey as The Nations graphic resources include its minerals, energy, down, water, and biota. 2 Classification of indi spensable forms native resources ar mostly categorize into renewable and non-renewable resources. approximately cartridge holders resources atomic number 18 classified as non-renewable even if they atomic number 18 technically renewable, just not slowly re- take a shit within a reasonable amount of measure, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as fogey fuels. Non-renewable resources Main article Non-renewable resource almost non-renewable resources butt be renewable but scud an extremely long snip to renew. fogey fuels, for example, take millions of years to form and so be not practically considered renewable. distinguishable non-renewable resources bid anele, ember, natural liquid etc. open distinct levels of invite from polar sectors deal transportation and residences with all(prenominal) resource specializing for each sector. 3 some(prenominal) environmentalists propose a tax on consumption of non renewable resources. Non-renewable resources micklenot be r eplaced or kindle only be replaced everywhere thousands or millions of years. Natural capital Natural resources atomic number 18 natural capital born-again to commodity inputs to infrastructural capital carry throughes. 45 They include soil, tone of voice, oil, minerals, and other goods harvested from the Earth. Both extraction of the base resource and refining it into a purer, directly usable form, (e. g. , metals, refined oils) argon generally considered natural-resource activities, even though the latter etiolatedthorn not needs give near the former.This process gene arrays luxuriously profits collectable to the high requirement for the natural resources and the energies that they be able to generate. A nations natural resources practically determine its wealth in the world economic system and its diplomatic, military, and semi semipolitical influence. develop nations are those which are less dependent on natural resources for wealth, due to their greater relianc e on infrastructural capital for production. However, some satisfy a resource curse whereby easily obtainable natural resources could really attenuate the prospects of a national economy by fostering political depravity.Political corruption can negatively impact the national economy beca map time is played out giving bribes or other economically unproductive acts or else of the genesis of generative economic activity. This has been seen over the years with legislation passed to compose companies who leave benefit. There as well as tends to be concentrations of ownership over unique(predicate) plots of land that have proven to yield natural resources. In recent years, the depletion of natural capital and attempts to move to sustainable growth have been a major focus of development agencies.This is of particular concern in rainforest domains, which keep up most of the Earths natural biodiversity irreplaceable genetic natural capital. saving of natural resources is th e major focus of natural capitalism, environmentalism, the ecology movement, and green politics. Some date this depletion as a major source of social zymosis and conflicts in developing nations. Types of resources Natural alternatives Natural resources are derived from the environment. more(prenominal) of them are immanent for our survival age others are use for satisfying our wants.Natural resources whitethorn be further classified in different ways. On the floor of origin, resources whitethorn be divided into Biotic Biotic resources are the ones which are obtained from the biosphere. Forests and their products, animals, birds and their products, angle and other marine organisms are classical examples. minerals such as coal and petroleum are also included in this syndicate because they were organize from decayed organic matter. Abiotic Abiotic resources comprise of non-living things. Examples include land, water, air and minerals such as gold, iron, copper, silver etc.On the basis of the stage of development, natural resources whitethorn be called latent Resources Potential resources are those which populate in a region and whitethorn be apply in the future. For example, mineral oil may exist in many parts of India having sedimentary rocks but cashbox the time it is actually drilled out and put into use, it remains a strength resource. Actual Resources are those which have been surveyed, their quantity and quality impelled and are being employ in present times. For example, the petroleum and the natural brag which is obtained from the Bombay High Fields.The development of an actual resource, such as timberland bear upon depends upon the technology available and the cost involved. That part of the actual resource which can be developed profitably with available technology is called a reserve. On the basis of renewability, natural resources can be categorized into renewable Resources renewable resources are the ones which can be replenished or reproduced easily. Some of them, like sunlight, air, wind, etc. , are continuously available and their quantity is not impact by clement consumption.Many renewable resources can be depleted by human use, but may also be replenished, thus maintaining a flow. Some of these, like agricultural crops, take a short time for permutation others, like water, take a comparatively longer time, while nonoperational others, like forests, take even longer. Non-renewable Resources Non-renewable resources are formed over actually long geological periods. Minerals and fossils are included in this category. Since their rate of governance is extremely slow, they cannot be replenished once they get depleted. Out of these, the bimetallic minerals can be re- apply by recycling them.But coal and petroleum cannot be recycled. On the basis of ownership,resources can be classified intoindividual,community,national,and international separate resources tender-hearted resources Human b eings are also considered to be resources because they have the ability to transport raw materials into valuable resources. The term Human resources can also be defined as the skills, energies, talents, abilities and knowledge that are apply for the production of goods or the rendering of services. While taking into account human beings as resources, the avocation things have to be kept in mind The coat of the existence The capabilities of the individuals in that population Resource use and sustainable development Many resources cannot be consumed in their original form. They have to be process in order to change them into more usable commodities. This is known as resource development. With the rise in human numbers all over the world, the adopt for resources has also increased. However, there is a difference in dispersion of resources to different regions or countries. Developed countries use more resources than developing countries. The go demand coupled with the over-co nsumption of resources has led to several problems Resource depletion Accumulation of resources in the manpower of a few Environmental degradation Tragedy of the putting green Resource curse Uses of our Natural Resources Rock and mineral resources have a round-eyed variety of uses and play a huge role in our lives The Mineral Information Institute has a poster showing how much of a variety of minerals each person uses in his or her livelihoodtime. Minerals are cardinal to our health. We need small amounts of a wide variety of minerals. Minerals assemble in Tennessee which people need include calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, copper, fluoride, iron, and zinc. combust, oil and natural gas issue us with almost all of the energy we use to light, lovingness and egest our world. Minerals are atoms in almost all of the products we use from fertilizer to plastics, from toothpaste to weed litter, from knives to plates. Minerals are common ingredients in pigments. In fact, some of the early uses of minerals were as pigments. Minerals also play an all important(predicate) role in the affect of materials. Bentonite is important in well drilling, Barite is important in oil drilling. fluorite is important in making steel Resource How are our resources use? characteristics exploited) Barite employ in oil drilling to exhort garbage down the oil and prevent gushers (high specialised gravity), filler in samara, glass, toothpaste. Chert use to get under ones skin scar tools. (hardness, fracture patterns). Used as fill to stomach a stable base for roads (insolubility) Clay Used to arrive clayware and bricks.Used for pet litter (ability to absorb water) Chalcopyrite (copper)Copper is use to start electrical wiring (electrical conductivity). Used in alloys bronze and governing body (low warming point, beauty, resistance to oxidation) Used as an ingredient in pigments (blue and green) Coal Used as a fuel (flammable). The oils and tars produc ed processing coal are graceful into a variety of organic solvents and compounds such as plastics, take fuel, word-painting developer, perfume, medicine, and sugar substitute. fluorite Used as a course i. e. apply as an intermediate chemical to separate metals from spoil material. other important product do from fluorite is hydrofluoric acid, which is use in the pottery, optics, and plastics industry. Fluorite is also used in making opalescent glass and in enameling cookware. Galena (lead) The largest use of lead is in automotive batteries. It is also used as weights (high specific gravity).Used as an ingredient in solder (soft, low liquescent point. ). Until of late it was also used as an ingredient in paint and as an additive in gasoline to open engines run more smoothly. Gypsum Gypsum is in the first place used to put to work wallboard. It is also an ingredient in cement. Ilmenite (titanium) titanium is used in alloys to garner strong light-weight ma terials space ships, bicycles Used to make white paint - non-toxic replacement for lead, which used to be used for this purpose. low reactivity) weigh Iron is used for tools, for appliances, for building supports. It is also used as a pigment (red and ochre) Limestone Limestone is used as building stone, for ornamental stone for surfaces and sculpture, to make cement and mortar, as crushed stone for fill Mussel Shells Mussel shells were used as ceremonial objects.European Americans have used shells as ornaments buttons and pearls for jewelry. Oil/Natural bumble Oil and natural gas are used as fuels and ingredients in the chemical industry to produce petroleum based products notably plastics. orthophosphate Phosphate is used as a fertilizer and to make phosphoric acid which is a major ingredient in diet products such as cola drinks. Saltpeter Saltpeter was used as a fertilizer (source of nitrogen) and as an ingredient in gunpowder.It has now been replaced by th e related to compound ammonium nitrate which can be manufacture in the laboratory. Sand & Gravel Sand and gravel are used as fill to go away a stable foundation for buildings and roads. Sandstone Sandstone is used as a building material. Sphalerite (zinc) Zinc is used as an ingredient in brass (with copper). It is used to coat (galvanize) iron implements to encourage them from rusting.It is used as a pigment (white) Natural resources are raw materials we use to make other products. These include trees, minerals, aquatic life, gravel, coal, and many others. How can businesses choose these resources from an area and still maintain a working embellish? amenable businesses know that they can make money producing products or forum natural resources while they minimize the damage to their surroundings. Take a watch at some products and possible damage from forestry, mining, and aquaculture.Forestry The forest industry is made up of businesses involved in the growing and har vesting of trees and other form life from forests. Products Damages wood products They provide lumber or timber for clear in the raw Removing a large block of trees exposes ground, which is building houses, boats, decks, and vulnerable to soil erosion. furniture. make-up They create pulp to make report card and log jams Over cutting may result in logs piling up and blocking paper products. the natural flow of water. Christmas trees They grow, cut, and sell Christmas lost recreational Forest landscapes are degraded. Who wants to visualize a trees. value forest with no trees, or a river clogged with trees? landscaping They fulfill our landscaping needs lost renewable impertinently trees may not be planted. Forests are not renewable with trees and plants. resource resources unless trees are planted to replace the trees cut down. This also displaces wildlife. excavationMining is the process or business of removing ore, soil, rock, and minerals from the groun d or from mountains. Products Damages Coins Historically and before long used as Reclamation money. Reclamation means restoring land that has been altered.Mining pits must be reclaimed after mining operations cease. Poor mining practices can destroy the environment and cost taxpayers a lot of money in clean-up. Habitat destruction Animal habitats are destroyed and biodiversity is compromised. contaminant Mining by-products, called tailings, can pollute our air and water. Gold/Silver Standards form the value of currency. Fossil Fuels Provide fuel by burning. Nutrition Minerals are much used in vitamins. Building Materials Provide materials used in social structure like aluminum and concrete. Jewelry Gold, silver, diamonds and other precious stones provide material for jewelry. Gravel Gravel is used to build roads and is conflate into cement to form concrete. Aquaculture Aquaculture is the business of raising marine or freshwa ter fish or shellfish under controlled conditions. Products Damages Oyster Netpens Areas of waterways that are run along off by nets these result in large quantities of waste (just like other forms of intensive animal production). Aquaculture Waste Processing wastes are much released directly into natural bodies of water. Protein Many fish are carnivorousthey eat centre. The food provided in fish farms may not terminate meat protein. The fish who eat this food do not birth the aforementioned(prenominal) amount of protein as their natural counterparts. This can result in a less healthy fish. Mangroves Fishing operations (shrimp farms in particular) have damage mangrovestrees and shrubs forming buffering boundaries between land and saltwater environments. (This is an important ecosystem along coastlines. scratch shrimp Lobster Salmon Trout Natural ResourcesNatural resource Natural resources (economically referred to as land or raw materials) are naturally forming substances that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified (natural) form. A natural resources value rests in the amount and extractability of the material available and the demand for it. The latter is determined by its emolument to production. A commodity is generally considered a natural resource when the primary activities associated with it are extraction and purification, as opposed to creation.Thus, mining, petroleum extraction, fishing, hunting, and forestry are generally considered natural-resource industries, while agriculture is not. The term was introduced to a broad audience by E. F. Schumacher in his 1973 book Small is Beautiful. 1 The term is defined by the United States Geological Survey as The Nations natural resources include its minerals, energy, land, water, and biota. 2 Classification of natural forms Natural resources are mostly classified into renewable and non-renewable resources.Sometimes resources are classified as non-renewable even if they are technically renewable, just not easily renewed within a reasonable amount of time, such as fossil fuels. Non-renewable resources Main article Non-renewable resource Some non-renewable resources can be renewable but take an extremely long time to renew. Fossil fuels, for example, take millions of years to form and so are not practically considered renewable. Different non-renewable resources like oil, coal, natural gas etc. have different levels of demand from different sectors like transportation and residences with each resource specializing for each sector. 3 Many environmentalists propose a tax on consumption of non renewable resources. Non-renewable resources cannot be replaced or can only be replaced over thousands or millions of years. Natural capital Natural resources are natural capital converted to commodity inputs to infrastructural capital processes. 45 They include soil, timber, oil, minerals, and other goods harvested fr om the Earth. Both extraction of the basic resource and refining it into a purer, directly usable form, (e. g. , metals, refined oils) are generally considered natural-resource activities, even though the latter may not necessarily occur near the former.This process generates high profits due to the high demand for the natural resources and the energies that they are able to generate. A nations natural resources often determine its wealth in the world economic system and its diplomatic, military, and political influence. Developed nations are those which are less dependent on natural resources for wealth, due to their greater reliance on infrastructural capital for production. However, some see a resource curse whereby easily obtainable natural resources could actually hurt the prospects of a national economy by fostering political corruption.Political corruption can negatively impact the national economy because time is spent giving bribes or other economically unproductive acts in stead of the generation of generative economic activity. This has been seen over the years with legislation passed to appease companies who will benefit. There also tends to be concentrations of ownership over specific plots of land that have proven to yield natural resources. In recent years, the depletion of natural capital and attempts to move to sustainable development have been a major focus of development agencies.This is of particular concern in rainforest regions, which hold most of the Earths natural biodiversity irreplaceable genetic natural capital. Conservation of natural resources is the major focus of natural capitalism, environmentalism, the ecology movement, and green politics. Some view this depletion as a major source of social unrest and conflicts in developing nations. Types of resources Natural Resources Natural resources are derived from the environment. Many of them are essential for our survival while others are used for satisfying our wants.Natural resource s may be further classified in different ways. On the basis of origin, resources may be divided into Biotic Biotic resources are the ones which are obtained from the biosphere. Forests and their products, animals, birds and their products, fish and other marine organisms are important examples. Minerals such as coal and petroleum are also included in this category because they were formed from decayed organic matter. Abiotic Abiotic resources comprise of non-living things. Examples include land, water, air and minerals such as gold, iron, copper, silver etc.On the basis of the stage of development, natural resources may be called Potential Resources Potential resources are those which exist in a region and may be used in the future. For example, mineral oil may exist in many parts of India having sedimentary rocks but till the time it is actually drilled out and put into use, it remains a potential resource. Actual Resources are those which have been surveyed, their quantity and quality determined and are being used in present times. For example, the petroleum and the natural gas which is obtained from the Bombay High Fields.The development of an actual resource, such as wood processing depends upon the technology available and the cost involved. That part of the actual resource which can be developed profitably with available technology is called a reserve. On the basis of renewability, natural resources can be categorized into Renewable Resources Renewable resources are the ones which can be replenished or reproduced easily. Some of them, like sunlight, air, wind, etc. , are continuously available and their quantity is not affected by human consumption.Many renewable resources can be depleted by human use, but may also be replenished, thus maintaining a flow. Some of these, like agricultural crops, take a short time for renewal others, like water, take a comparatively longer time, while still others, like forests, take even longer. Non-renewable Re sources Non-renewable resources are formed over very long geological periods. Minerals and fossils are included in this category. Since their rate of formation is extremely slow, they cannot be replenished once they get depleted. Out of these, the metallic minerals can be re-used by recycling them.But coal and petroleum cannot be recycled. On the basis of ownership,resources can be classified intoindividual,community,national,and international Individual resources Human resources Human beings are also considered to be resources because they have the ability to change raw materials into valuable resources. The term Human resources can also be defined as the skills, energies, talents, abilities and knowledge that are used for the production of goods or the rendering of services. While taking into account human beings as resources, the following things have to be kept in mind The size of the population The capabilities of the individuals in that population Resource use and sustainabl e development Many resources cannot be consumed in their original form. They have to be processed in order to change them into more usable commodities. This is known as resource development. With the rise in human numbers all over the world, the demand for resources has also increased. However, there is a difference in distribution of resources to different regions or countries. Developed countries use more resources than developing countries. The rising demand coupled with the over-consumption of resources has led to several problems Resource depletion Accumulation of resources in the hands of a few Environmental degradation Tragedy of the commons Resource curse Uses of our Natural Resources Rock and mineral resources have a wide variety of uses and play a huge role in our lives The Mineral Information Institute has a poster showing how much of a variety of minerals each person uses in his or her lifetime. Minerals are important to our health. We need small amounts of a wide va riety of minerals. Minerals found in Tennessee which people need include calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, copper, fluoride, iron, and zinc.Coal, oil and natural gas provide us with almost all of the energy we use to light, heat and run our world. Minerals are ingredients in almost all of the products we use from fertilizer to plastics, from toothpaste to kitty litter, from knives to plates. Minerals are common ingredients in pigments. In fact, some of the earliest uses of minerals were as pigments. Minerals also play an important role in the processing of materials. Bentonite is important in well drilling, Barite is important in oil drilling. Fluorite is important in making steel Resource How are our resources used? characteristics exploited) Barite Used in oil drilling to weigh down the oil and prevent gushers (high specific gravity), filler in paint, glass, toothpaste. Chert Used to make stone tools. (hardness, fracture patterns). Used as fill to provide a stable base for roads (insolubility) Clay Used to make pottery and bricks.Used for pet litter (ability to absorb water) Chalcopyrite (copper)Copper is used to make electrical wiring (electrical conductivity). Used in alloys bronze and brass (low melting point, beauty, resistance to oxidation) Used as an ingredient in pigments (blue and green) Coal Used as a fuel (flammable). The oils and tars produced processing coal are processed into a variety of organic solvents and compounds such as plastics, motor fuel, photo developer, perfume, medicine, and sugar substitute. Fluorite Used as a flux i. e. used as an intermediate chemical to separate metals from waste material. Another important product made from fluorite is hydrofluoric acid, which is used in the pottery, optics, and plastics industry. Fluorite is also used in making opalescent glass and in enameling cookware. Galena (lead) The largest use of lead is in automotive batteries. It is also used as weights (high specific gravity).Used as an ingredient in solder (soft, low melting point. ). Until recently it was also used as an ingredient in paint and as an additive in gasoline to make engines run more smoothly. Gypsum Gypsum is primarily used to make wallboard. It is also an ingredient in cement. Ilmenite (titanium) Titanium is used in alloys to make strong light-weight materials space ships, bicycles Used to make white paint - non-toxic replacement for lead, which used to be used for this purpose. low reactivity) Iron Iron is used for tools, for appliances, for building supports. It is also used as a pigment (red and ochre) Limestone Limestone is used as building stone, for ornamental stone for surfaces and sculpture, to make cement and mortar, as crushed stone for fill Mussel Shells Mussel shells were used as ceremonial objects.European Americans have used shells as ornaments buttons and pearls for jewelry. Oil/Natural Gas Oil and natural gas are used as fuels and ingredients in the chemical indus try to produce petroleum based products notably plastics. Phosphate Phosphate is used as a fertilizer and to make phosphoric acid which is a major ingredient in food products such as cola drinks. Saltpeter Saltpeter was used as a fertilizer (source of nitrogen) and as an ingredient in gunpowder.It has now been replaced by the related compound ammonium nitrate which can be manufactured in the laboratory. Sand & Gravel Sand and gravel are used as fill to provide a stable foundation for buildings and roads. Sandstone Sandstone is used as a building material. Sphalerite (zinc) Zinc is used as an ingredient in brass (with copper). It is used to coat (galvanize) iron implements to protect them from rusting.It is used as a pigment (white) Natural resources are raw materials we use to make other products. These include trees, minerals, aquatic life, gravel, coal, and many others. How can businesses remove these resources from an area and still maintain a working landscape? Re sponsible businesses know that they can make money producing products or gathering natural resources while they minimize the damage to their surroundings. Take a look at some products and possible damage from forestry, mining, and aquaculture.Forestry The forest industry is made up of businesses involved in the growing and harvesting of trees and other plant life from forests. Products Damages wood products They provide lumber or timber for clearcutting Removing a large block of trees exposes ground, which is building houses, boats, decks, and vulnerable to soil erosion. furniture. paper They create pulp to make paper and log jams Over cutting may result in logs piling up and blocking paper products. the natural flow of water. Christmas trees They grow, cut, and sell Christmas lost recreational Forest landscapes are degraded. Who wants to visit a trees. value forest with no trees, or a river clogged with trees? landscaping They fulfill our landscaping needs lost renew able New trees may not be planted. Forests are not renewable with trees and plants. resource resources unless trees are planted to replace the trees cut down. This also displaces wildlife. MiningMining is the process or business of removing ore, soil, rock, and minerals from the ground or from mountains. Products Damages Coins Historically and currently used as Reclamation money. Reclamation means restoring land that has been altered.Mining pits must be reclaimed after mining operations cease. Poor mining practices can destroy the environment and cost taxpayers a lot of money in clean-up. Habitat destruction Animal habitats are destroyed and biodiversity is compromised. Pollution Mining by-products, called tailings, can pollute our air and water. Gold/Silver StandardsInfluence the value of currency. Fossil Fuels Provide fuel by burning. Nutrition Minerals are often used in vitamins. Building Materials Provide materials used in construction like aluminum and concrete. Jewelry Gold, silver, diamonds and other precious stones provide material for jewelry. Gravel Gravel is used to build roads and is mixed into cement to form concrete. Aquaculture Aquaculture is the business of raising marine or freshwater fish or shellfish under controlled conditions. Products Damages Oyster Netpens Areas of waterways that are lined off by nets these result in large quantities of waste (just like other forms of intensive animal production). Aquaculture Waste Processing wastes are often released directly into natural bodies of water. Protein Many fish are carnivorousthey eat meat. The food provided in fish farms may not contain meat protein. The fish who eat this food do not possess the same amount of protein as their natural counterparts. This can result in a less healthy fish. Mangroves Fishing operations (shrimp farms in particular) have damaged mangrovestrees and shrubs forming buffering bou ndaries between land and saltwater environments. (This is an important ecosystem along coastlines. Clams Shrimp Lobster Salmon Trout